توسعۀ چهارچوب مفهومی استفادۀ مجدد سازگار در حفاظت از بناهای میراثی

نویسندگان

1 استاد، دانشکده معماری، پردیس هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران،

2 دانشجوی دکتری مرمت و احیاء بناها و بافت‌های تاریخی، دانشکده معماری، پردیس هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

با گذر زمان، برخی از بناهای میراثی عملکرد اصلی خود را به دلایل مختلف از دست می‌دهند و نیاز است برای بقای آن‌ها تغییراتی در کاربری اصلی‌شان صورت گیرد. امروزه استفادۀ مجدد سازگار از بناهای میراثی به‌دلیل داشتن منافع گوناگون برای بنا و جامعه، راهبردی پایدار برای حفاظت از ارزش‌ها شناخته می‌شود. این امر می‌تواند بناهای میراثی را به مکان‌هایی دست‌یافتنی و کاربردی تبدیل کند؛ همچنین می‌تواند به‌طور مستقیم از طریق تأثیر پروژه بر کیفیت محیطی منطقه یا به‌صورت غیرمستقیم به‌عنوان کاتالیزور برای ارتقای شهری، به بهبود ویژگی‌های مناطق اطراف کمک کند. با وجود این، انعطاف‌پذیری رویکردهای استفادۀ مجدد سازگار، تعیین شاخص‌هایی که ضمن حفاظت از ارزش‌ها و منزلت فرهنگی بناهای میراثی بتواند نیازها و تغییرات معاصر را از طریق کاربری جدید برآورده کند، ضروری می‌سازد. مقالۀ حاضر با هدف توسعۀ چهارچوب مفهومی استفادۀ مجدد سازگار از بناهای میراثی، به شناخت و تعریف شاخص‌های استفادۀ مجدد سازگار در سه گام اصلی می‌پردازد: نخست، بررسی سیر تحول شکل‌گیری اندیشه‌ها و سیاست‌های استفادۀ مجدد سازگار؛ دوم، بازخوانی و دسته‌بندی اسناد بین‌المللی این حوزه از دهۀ 1970 میلادی؛ سوم، تحلیل دیدگاه صاحب‌نظران استفادۀ مجدد سازگار. در نهایت با رویکرد تفسیرگرایی و ماهیت کیفی و با استفاده از راهبرد «استدلال منطقی» و تکنیک «تحلیل محتوا»، نوزده شاخص مؤثر بر استفادۀ مجدد سازگار به‌منظور بهرۀ بیشتر از پتانسیل بناهای میراثی، شناسایی شد. نگاه جامع و یکپارچه به تمامی این شاخص‌ها، به ارتقای محیط مصنوع پایدار کمک می‌کند و منافع همه‌جانبۀ اقتصادی، اجتماعی، فرهنگی، کالبدی و محیطی را به دنبال خواهد داشت که سبب هرچه نزدیک‌تر شدن حفاظت و پایداری می‌شود.

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