Document Type : Original
Authors
1
Master of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology.
2
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology.
3
Associate Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology,.
Abstract
Study of Vernacular Architecture of Iran, Due to Its Connection with Cultural, Social, Climatic Features and Ways of Life, Holds an Important Position in Understanding the Physical and Spatial Systems of the Country. One of the Less-Known Areas in This Field Is the Architecture of Villages and Scattered Settlements, Which, Because of the Lack of Documentation and Destruction Caused by Natural and Human Factors, Has Confronted Researchers with Difficulties. Historical Investigations Show That Until Before the Pahlavi Period, Socio-Political Conditions and Widespread Insecurities Led Houses in Many Regions to Be Constructed in the Form of Fortified Castles. Therefore, the Study of Historical Inhabited Castles Can Serve as a Reliable Reference for Understanding Vernacular Housing in Less-Known Regions, Enriching Vernacular Architectural Research. This Study, Aiming at Typology of Historical Inhabited Castles, Analyzes Their Functional and Spatial-Physical Characteristics. The Research Method Is Qualitative and Includes Description and Analysis, Comparative Examination, and Case Studies. Findings Indicate That Typology of These Castles Requires Attention to Two Elements of Scale (Urban, Neighborhood, and Architectural Single-Building) and Function. Based on This, Nine Main Types Were Identified. Then Twenty-Four Case Studies of Historical Castles of Iran Were Selected to Cover All Scales and Functions. The Cases Were Analyzed According to Spatial-Physical Components of Each Scale. Results Show That at the Urban Scale, Spatial Skeleton, Urban Morphology, and Street Network; at the Neighborhood Scale, Geometric Form, Texture Granulation, and Street Network; and at the Architectural Scale, Spatial-Functional Organization and Hierarchy Play Determining Roles in Typology. Finally, All Cases Were Placed in the Typology Table, and Their Spatial-Physical Similarities and Differences Were Examined.
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