Developing a Typological Framework for Functional Troglodytic Architecture in Iran Based on the ICOMOS Classification Model

Document Type : Original

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Research Institute of Cultural Heritage and Tourism

2 M.A., Building Restoration, Research Institute of Cultural Heritage and Tourism

Abstract

The absence of a comprehensive typology for troglodytic heritage highlights the need for this study. The analysis and investigation of existing categories reveals that they are often limited and prone to ambiguities and confusion. This study aims to develop a framework for the thematic classification of troglodytic architecture in Iran, addressing the importance of classifying troglodytic architecture and the methodology for establishing a framework for the original function of Iranian troglodytic architecture. The study methodology involves a survey analysis based on field studies in Iran, as well as documentary and library sources, including documents concerning world heritage and existing troglodytic categories in Iran and around the world. Given the significance and diversity of this architecture in the country and aiming to align with recognized global literature on this subject, the ICOMOS World Heritage classification model was selected as the foundation of the proposed framework. The findings of the study reveal that, given the vast geographical extent and rich history of the country, the diverse troglodytic works of Iran do not significantly differ from constructed works in terms of function. Most of these functions can also be observed in troglodytic works. Investigations conducted on the existing classifications demonstrated that it is necessary to set up a classification based on the internationally recognized frameworks consistent with the various types of man-made caves in Iran. Thus, the ICOMOS World Heritage Classification Model was selected as the basis of the framework in order to integrate and utilize the recognized global literature. To avoid the scattering and overlap of subjects and achieve coherence and inclusiveness within the categorization, specific and significantly overlapping cases were excluded from the model. Finally, a framework for the function of typological works was developed by following the global terminology and classifications and analyzing the identified typological examples in Iran.

Keywords

References

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Journal of Iranian Architecture Studies
Volume 13, Issue 26
March 2025
Pages 27-45

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