A Typological Framework for Functional Troglodytic Architecture in Iran Based on the ICOMOS Model

The absence of a comprehensive typology for troglodytic heritage highlights the need for such research. Through analysis and investigation, it has been determined that existing categories are often limited and fraught with ambiguities and confusions. The aim of this research is to develop a framework for the thematic classification of troglodytic architecture in Iran. Therefore, this research aims to address why the classification of troglodytic architecture is important and how to establish a framework for the original usage of Iran’s troglodytic architecture.

The research methodology involves a survey analysis based on documentary and library research, including documents related to world heritage, existing categories of troglodytic works in Iran and globally, as well as field studies in Iran. Given the significance and diversity of this type of architecture in the country, and to align with common global literature, the ICOMOS World Heritage classification model was selected as the foundation.

The findings of the study show that, given the geographical extent and rich history of the country, the diversity of Iran's troglodytic works does not differ much in terms of function from the functions of built works, and most of these uses can also be searched for in troglodytic works. Also, with the studies conducted on the existing classifications, it was determined that it was necessary to set up a classification that, on the one hand, was based on the internationally recognized framework and, on the other hand, was consistent with the types of man-made caves in Iran. Therefore, in order to integrate and use the common global literature, the ICOMOS World Heritage Classification Model was chosen as the basis. To avoid the scattering and interference of subjects within the category and to achieve coherence and inclusiveness, non-general cases and those causing significant overlap between different types were excluded from the model. Finally, by following the terminology and global classification carried out in the above model and the identified examples of handicrafts in Iran, a framework for the use of handicrafts was achieved.