Typology of the Islamic Shrines, Based on Sacred Concepts: Tashbih, Tanzyh, Jamal and Jalal

Today, religious buildings‌‌, particularly the shrines, have a special place in the category of Architecture. These shrines have been changed during the history and they have found substantial physical differences with each other. It seems that, the difference in the expression of traits and concepts has caused the physical changes between them. Now, the main question is whether these differences have a significant fundamentals and how the differences can be effective in typology of the shrines? Thus, the aim of this study is to seek the typology of shrines, based on the existing differences and the views expressed in patterns of knowledge. These patterns usind the concepts of mystical Tashbih, Tanzyh and the traits Jamal, Jalal will be studied in three types: 1-the “Tashbihi- Jamali” shrines, 2- the “Tashbihi-jamali and Tanzyhi-Jalali” shrines and 3-the “Tanzyhi- Jalali” shrines. During the study, criterias of these three patterns are considered: the “Tashbihi-Jamali” shrines features are: maximum relationship with metaphorical nature, maximum Decoration, use of signs and symbols, centre Oriented ,The importance of inner space, Use of fine materials, Use of spatial hierarchy. The best samples of this pattern is the tomb of “Shia Imams”, which started the in the “Ilkhani” course & has reached its peak in the “Safavi” course. The “Tanzihi-Jalali” shrines features are: minimum relationship with metaphorical nature, minimum Decoration, use of purity, Axis oriented, Insignificance of the inner space, use of low-value materials, Lack of spatial hierarchy. Most samples of this pattern, have been popular among the “Sunnis”. This pattern has the least amount of the physical elements and luxurious. The “Tashbihi-jamali and Tanzyhi-Jalali” shrine have common features of both shrines & In the course of the “Ale-buye”, “Khorasani” and “Razi”style has been most prevalent.