University of Kashan Journal of Iranian Architecture Studies 2252-0635 13 25 2024 09 21 A Comparative Study of the Garden Image in Classical and Contemporary Farsi Poetry A Comparative Study of the Garden Image in Classical and Contemporary Farsi Poetry 27 46 114382 10.22052/jias.2024.252783.1194 FA Ahmad Mortazavi Ph.D. Candidate, School of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran Hamidreza Ansari Assistant Professor, School of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran Journal Article 2023 04 18 Since ancient times, gardens and literature have been intrinsically linked within Iran's cultural field. A substantial body of lyrical and prose works exists in which gardens appear in diverse forms and perspectives, symbolizing various themes and emotions. This comparative study aims to identify and analyze the portrayal of the Iranian garden in both ancient and modern poetry. Upon determining this imagery, the research seeks to outline the differences and similarities between these representations. This study adopts a qualitative approach, focusing on a deep understanding of garden components, analyzing conceptual metaphors, and the sense of spatial perception within the poems. The qualitative method involves carefully exploring the garden's elements, examining metaphorical mappings, and closely interpreting the spatial sensations conveyed in these poetic works. These elements collectively illuminate how the image of the garden is portrayed across classical and contemporary poetry. To conduct this research, 48 classical and contemporary poetry pieces were studied, with the selection criterion being the presence of the word "garden" in the poem's text and its potential to be perceived as a conceptual metaphor. The findings reveal that the garden's image has undergone notable changes in classical and contemporary Persian poetry, particularly concerning metaphorical mapping, the spatial perception of its elements, and the structure of its parts. The analysis is structured into four broad categories: (1) garden elements, including components, descriptive aspects, and functional applications; (2) description of these elements as natural, artificial, intangible, or human components; (3) the poet's approach, which ranges from a detailed to a holistic perspective, and embraces both openness and ambiguity; and (4) the method of depicting garden imagery, whether through poetic visuals, structured garden forms, or symbolism. This transformation in the garden's depiction from classical to contemporary poetry reveals a significant shift in poetic expression. In classical Persian poetry, the garden is typically portrayed according to the traditional design of the Iranian garden, emphasizing continuity, clear structure, and harmony, representing a serene and balanced space. Conversely, in contemporary poetry, the garden diverges from this established form, breaking into fragmented and disjointed images that aim to create a powerful, immersive experience for the reader. This disintegration of the garden's form in contemporary poetry introduces a sense of disorder and complexity, moving away from the structured natural depiction found in classical poetry. In doing so, it challenges conventional ideals of beauty and tranquility associated with gardens, offering a new interpretation aligned with modern sensibilities. Since ancient times, gardens and literature have been intrinsically linked within Iran's cultural field. A substantial body of lyrical and prose works exists in which gardens appear in diverse forms and perspectives, symbolizing various themes and emotions. This comparative study aims to identify and analyze the portrayal of the Iranian garden in both ancient and modern poetry. Upon determining this imagery, the research seeks to outline the differences and similarities between these representations. This study adopts a qualitative approach, focusing on a deep understanding of garden components, analyzing conceptual metaphors, and the sense of spatial perception within the poems. The qualitative method involves carefully exploring the garden's elements, examining metaphorical mappings, and closely interpreting the spatial sensations conveyed in these poetic works. These elements collectively illuminate how the image of the garden is portrayed across classical and contemporary poetry. To conduct this research, 48 classical and contemporary poetry pieces were studied, with the selection criterion being the presence of the word "garden" in the poem's text and its potential to be perceived as a conceptual metaphor. The findings reveal that the garden's image has undergone notable changes in classical and contemporary Persian poetry, particularly concerning metaphorical mapping, the spatial perception of its elements, and the structure of its parts. The analysis is structured into four broad categories: (1) garden elements, including components, descriptive aspects, and functional applications; (2) description of these elements as natural, artificial, intangible, or human components; (3) the poet's approach, which ranges from a detailed to a holistic perspective, and embraces both openness and ambiguity; and (4) the method of depicting garden imagery, whether through poetic visuals, structured garden forms, or symbolism. This transformation in the garden's depiction from classical to contemporary poetry reveals a significant shift in poetic expression. In classical Persian poetry, the garden is typically portrayed according to the traditional design of the Iranian garden, emphasizing continuity, clear structure, and harmony, representing a serene and balanced space. Conversely, in contemporary poetry, the garden diverges from this established form, breaking into fragmented and disjointed images that aim to create a powerful, immersive experience for the reader. This disintegration of the garden's form in contemporary poetry introduces a sense of disorder and complexity, moving away from the structured natural depiction found in classical poetry. In doing so, it challenges conventional ideals of beauty and tranquility associated with gardens, offering a new interpretation aligned with modern sensibilities. https://jias.kashanu.ac.ir/article_114382_718111e6d995bc951836dbef5643b4ac.pdf