University of Kashan Journal of Iranian Architecture Studies 2252-0635 11 22 2023 02 20 Authenticity in the Nineteenth- and Twentieth-century Conservation and Restoration of Historical/Cultural Works Based on Expert Views Authenticity in the Nineteenth- and Twentieth-century Conservation and Restoration of Historical/Cultural Works Based on Expert Views 237 254 113727 10.22052/jias.2023.248587.1137 FA Mansoureh Nezaratizadeh Ph.D. Candidate, Faculty of Conservation , University of Art Rasool Vatandoust Assistant Professor, Cultural Heritage Research Institute of the Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts 0000-0002-7484-1991 Journal Article 2022 11 22 Since authenticity is one of the most fundamental concepts in the philosophy of conservation-restoration and conservation-restoration intervention, it is affected by the type of approach to authenticity. Moreover, authenticity is related to other concepts such as value, integrity, and intention of the artist in the history of conservation. In this article, we study this concept during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries by reviewing and analyzing the history of conservation and restoration and expert views of authenticity to determine different approaches to it through a qualitative research method and content analysis strategy. Different approaches to authenticity, regardless of their historical course, can be classified into three main groups. The first approach considers the authenticity of fixed components in a work—those that persist through time. This persistence gives them value and authenticity and justifies the work for conservation. The second approach considers authenticity with the historicity of the work, which can be called process authenticity. Finally, the third approach is an observer-centered (audience-centered) approach that prioritizes the observer as the basis for judgment about the authenticity of a property. Since authenticity is one of the most fundamental concepts in the philosophy of conservation-restoration and conservation-restoration intervention, it is affected by the type of approach to authenticity. Moreover, authenticity is related to other concepts such as value, integrity, and intention of the artist in the history of conservation. In this article, we study this concept during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries by reviewing and analyzing the history of conservation and restoration and expert views of authenticity to determine different approaches to it through a qualitative research method and content analysis strategy. Different approaches to authenticity, regardless of their historical course, can be classified into three main groups. The first approach considers the authenticity of fixed components in a work—those that persist through time. This persistence gives them value and authenticity and justifies the work for conservation. The second approach considers authenticity with the historicity of the work, which can be called process authenticity. Finally, the third approach is an observer-centered (audience-centered) approach that prioritizes the observer as the basis for judgment about the authenticity of a property. https://jias.kashanu.ac.ir/article_113727_4fad2dbee23127521ac448c842babb08.pdf